简答题Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ . A、enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence B、treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development C、encourage people to compete with each other D、promise talented children high positions简答题It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X,who uses intuition to reach decisions,and Manager Y,who uses only formal decision analysis? A、Manager X analyzes first and then acts;Manager Y does not. B、Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis;Manager Y does not. C、Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem;Manager Y does not. D、Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem;Manager X does not.简答题What does the underlined word "identified" in paragraph 3 mean? A、recognized B、erased C、released D、increased简答题In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that A、social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technology. B、the com generation was less civil than the earlier generations. C、the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civility. D、technology might make people less impatient.简答题Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time of which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness. Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ . A、one’s familiarity with the text B、one’s purpose in reading C、the length of a group of words D、lighting and tiredness简答题Passage four Students of United States history,seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements,have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social condition that affected the status of women.These historians,however,have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.Furthermore,the ideological origins of feminism in the United State have been obscured because,even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States,they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe.American feminist activists who have been described as“solitary”and“individual theorists”were in reality connected to a movement — utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls,New York,in 1848.Thus,a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism. The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians.The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has,however,been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism.This is regrettable on two counts.By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’energy;hence,by ignoring its feminism,European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism.Moreover,since many feminist ideas can be traced to saint-simonianism European historians’appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited. Saint-Simon’s followers,many of whom were women,based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers.The new world order would be ruled together by a male,to represent reflection,and a female,to represent sentiment.This complementarity reflects the fact that,while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women,they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia. Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction.This minority believe that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character,and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education.The envisioned result of both currents of thought,however,was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life. The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of the Saint-Simonians EXCEPT ____. A、The group included many women among its members. B、The group believed in a world that would be characterized by sexual equality. C、The group was among the earliest European socialist groups. D、Most members believed that women and men were inherently similar in ability and character.简答题Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other? A、They live together and know each other too well. B、Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion. C、co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life. D、 They are familiar with each other’s problems.简答题It can be inferred that a smuggler _____. A、may make plan and establish international contacts. B、is a real boss. C、may make money in different ways. D、may sell other goods.简答题Which of the following statements about writers is TRUE according to the last paragraph? A、They have little ideas before they start writing. B、Their talent goes into all their drafts. C、It does harm to their writing when they flirt with fame. D、They try to increase communication with readers.简答题According to the water scientists' report,_______. A、per capita food production has been increasing B、reduced food supply will make more people malnourished C、70% of water will be used to feed 2 billion people by 2050 D、researchers begin to seek solutions to tackle water problem简答题According to the context, "tricks" in Paragraph Five refer to A、mischievous acts. B、confusing constructing skills. C、skillful constructing methods. D、constructing materials.简答题The word "undoing" in the third paragraph probably suggests A、success. B、happiness. C、failure. D、sorrow.简答题To help students develop their critical thinking, professors mainly teach them ____. A、choice of their premises B、the way to think independently C、 skills of drawing conclusions D、different kinds of argument简答题What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second paragraph? A、The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted. B、The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words. C、The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading. D、The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words.简答题According to Stokoe, sign language is ________. A、a Substandard language B、a genuine language C、an artificial language D、 an international language简答题Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk”his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as“substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” The study of sign language is thought to be ________. A、a new way to look at the learning of language B、a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of language C、an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D、 an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language简答题Passage two The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals,assessing the problem,formulating options,estimating likelihoods of success,making a decision,and only then taking action to implement the decision.Rather,in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers,these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed“intuition”to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,and surprise;and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition.In general,however,such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is.Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’intuition is neither of these.Rather,senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways.First,they intuitively sense when a problem exists.Second,managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational,but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture,often in an“Aha!”experience.Fourth,some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools,and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.Finally,managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.Used in this way,intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that“thinking”is inseparable from acting.Since managers often“know”what is right before they can analyze and explain it,they frequently act first and explain later.Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles,in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting,but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face,senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue.One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem,not just of implementing the solution. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text? A、An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given. B、A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced. C、The results of recent research are introduced and summarized. D、Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.简答题What can help us to keep refreshed throughout the day? A、A. Doing some physical exercise. B、B. Taking a short nap in the afternoon. C、C. Rushing through some assignments. D、D. Playing a game of chess with a friend.简答题When the writer decided to resign the Globe was faced with _____. A、 a trouble with its staff members B、a shortage of qualified reporters C、 an unfavorable business situation D、an uncontrollable business situation简答题Passage three Americans are getting ready for the biggest soccer event in the world.For the first time the world cup soccer competition will be held in the United States.While millions play the game around the world,soccer or football has only recently become popular here.It is only in the last 30 years that large numbers of young Americans became interested in soccer.Now it is the fastest growing sport in the country.A recent study found that almost 18 million young boys and girls play soccer in the United States. The study also found that soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like American football as the most popular sport among students.And so,when the world cup begins next week,more than one million Americans are expected to go and see the teams play.Organizers say this year's world cup will be the biggest ever.All the seats at most of the 52 games have already been sold. Soccer has been played in the United States for a little more than one hundred years.But how did the sport come to this country?And how long has it existed in other parts of the world?No one knows exactly where the idea for soccer came from,or when people began playing the game.Some scientists say there is evidence that ball games using the feet were played thousands of years ago.There is evidence that ancient Greeks and Romans and native American Indians all played games sim-ilar to soccer. Most experts agree that Britain is the birthplace of modem soccer.They also agree that the British spread the game around the world.Unlike the game today,which uses balls of man-made material or leather,early soccer balls were often made of animal stomachs.The rules of early soccer games also differed from those we have today. What is the author going to state in the next paragraph? A、There have been attempts to start a professional soccer organization in the U.S.. B、In the 12th century soccer games in Britain often involved whole towns. C、Professional soccer grew quickly in Europe. D、Experts believed that the United States would win.