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全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程第三册
Unit 03 Cultural Differences
题目详情
简答题
Measures have been taken in the city of New York to _______ the traffic congestion.
A、relieve
B、relax
C、unload
D、light
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判断题
From the Chrysler Corporation to the Central Intelligence Agency, cultural diversity programs are flourishingin American organizations today. Firms can no longer safely assume that every employee walking in the doorhas similar beliefs or expectations. Whereas North American white males may believe in challenging authority,Asians tend to respect and defer to it. In Hispanic cultures, people often bring music, food, and family membersto work, a custom that US businesses have traditionally not allowed. A job applicant who won’t make eye contactduring an interview may be rejected for being unapproachable, when according to her culture, she was just beingpolite.As a larger number of women, minorities, and immigrants enter the US work force, the workplace is growingmore diverse. It is estimated that by 2008 women will make up about 48 percent of the US work force, andAfrican Americans and Hispanics will each account for about 11 percent; by the year 2050, minorities will makeup over 50 percent of the American population.Cultural diversity refers to the differences among people in a work force due to race, ethnicity, and gender.Increasing cultural diversity is forcing managers to learn to supervise and motivate people with a broaderrange of values systems. According to a recent survey by the American Management Association, half of all USemployers have established some kind of formal initiative to promote and manage cultural diversity. Althoughdemographics isn’t the only reason for the growth of these programs, it is a compelling one. An increasingnumber of organizations have come to believe that diversity, like quality and customer service, is a competitiveedge. A more diverse work force provides a wider range of ideas and perspectives and fosters creativity andinnovation. Avenues for encouraging diversity include recruiting at historically black colleges and universities,training and development, mentoring, and revamped promotion review policies. To get out the message about theircommitment to diversity, many organizations establish diversity councils made up of employees, managers andexecutives.Although many Fortune 500 companies are making diversity part of their strategic planning process, some programsstand out from the crowd.At Texas Instruments, strategies for enhancing diversity include an aggressive recruiting plan, diversity training,mentoring, and an incentive compensation program that rewards managers for fostering diversity. Each businessunit has a diversity manager who implements these strategies and works closely with the company’s DiversityNetwork. The network provides a forum of employees to share ideas, solicit support, and build coalitions.Convinced that strengthening diversity is a business imperative, Du Pont has established several programs toachieve that goal. In addition to training workshops and mentoring, Du Pont has established over 100 multiculturalnetworks through which employees share work and life experiences and strive to help women and minorities reachhigher levels of leadership and responsibility within the organization. Over half of Du Pont’s new hires forprofessional and managerial positions are minorities and women.Disney World’s director of diversity wants theme park guests to see themselves reflected in the diversity ofDisney’s employees. Working to attract diverse employees, Disney hopes to convince them that the organizationunderstands, respects, and values who they are. By holding a variety of diversity celebrations every year —including Dr. Martin Luther King’s Birthday, Asian Pacific Heritage Month, Hispanic Heritage Month, DisabilityAwareness Month, and Native American Heritage Month — Disney opens the door to this kind of understanding.What do we learn from strong, successful diversity program such as these, as well as similar programs at Microsoft,Xerox, Procter & Gamble and Digital Equipment Corporation? First, they can go a long way toward eliminatingprejudice in the workplace and removing barriers to advancement. Second, to be more than just the latest corporatebuzzword, diversity programs require commitment from the top and a culture that supports an inclusive environment.6.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as cultural diversity in the passage?Asian people tend to show submissiveness to their seniors.Spanish-speaking people enjoy gathering with their family members.African people try to avoid eye contact to show their respect.Americans might be innovators defying the experts in some fields.7.Cultural diversity is a result of a number of factors EXCEPT _________.racegendernationalityethnicity8.Recruiting potential employees at historically black colleges and universities is an approach for _________.training and developmentmentoringrevamped promotionencouraging diversity9.For a company to be successful in business, it should do all of the following EXCEPT to _________.set up a division to supervise its employeesprovide its clients with good servicesguarantee the products it has producedtake in employees with different cultural background10.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that diversity programs _________.have been put into practice by dozens of big corporationsmay provide the minorities with more chancesmake no demand of managershave an effect on employees’ motivation
简答题
He didn’t get the job because the employers thought he _______ short of their expectation for this position. A、flawed B、failed C、fell D、flowed
多选题
1.Rhyming and singing tones in a children’s poetry book is easier for me to learn Mandarin. _______ 2. The author read the children’s poem out aloud and advised not to translate it into English. _______ 3. The fact that slightly different pronunciations having completely different meaning often causes foreigners to make mistakes. _______ 4. Thinking in your mind of a child can make it easier for us to grasp tones. _______ 5. A Shanghai taxi driver once refused to talk to me because of my terrible mispronunciation. _______ 6. The falling through of the lessons promised by my companies is to blame for my lack of mandarin speaking skills. _______ 7. I can’t hear the difference in the 4 tones when they are just said at me. _______ 8. Having a yellow tongue is critical in pronouncing tones correctly. _______ 9. Even though some foreigners can not get the tones right, the Chinese can get the meaning by context. _______ 10. Singing Chinese pop songs at KTV will make people think you are good at Chinese . _______
简答题
Different traditions _______ successfully hand by hand in this community. A、mix B、exist C、coexist D、present
简答题
We plan on setting up a business with a starting _______ of $100,000. A、money B、tip C、capital D、allowance
多选题
0|show" data-onresultcheck="*redo|*.na|hide@*correct|*.na|hide@*reset|*.na|hide"> PISA tests, an international standard for comparing education systems around the world, could include a new measurement of global skills in the next round of tests in 2018. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD, which runs the tests in math, reading and science, is considering adding another test which would look at how well pupils can deal with the modern world, with an awareness of different cultures and beliefs. The OECD’s education director Andreas Schleicher explains why there is such a need to measure young people’s competence in a world where globalization is a powerful economic, political and cultural force. Education leaders around the world are increasingly talking about the need to teach “global competences” as a way of addressing the challenges of globalization. It was one of the key topics at this month’s meeting of education ministers from the G7 group of leading industrial countries, held in Japan. 4. Why is such a new change important? A、Young people are a major economic force. B、Young people have to deal with different cultures. C、Young people are exposed to modern technology. D、Young people must be challenged in difficult subjects.
简答题
The CBD area during rush hours can be horribly congested, so you can take another road that _______ the central part of the city. A、detours B、bypasses C、cuts D、goes
简答题
Solutions to this problem will be talked about in a(an) _______ report. A、next B、other C、subsequent D、coming
判断题
For American Workers in China, a Culture Clash (冲突) A)As more Americans go to China to take jobs, more Chinese and Americans are working side by side. These cross-cultural partnerships, while beneficial in many ways, are also highlighting tensions that expose differences in work experience, pay levels and communication. B)In the last few years, a growing number of Americans in their 20s and 30s have been heading to China for employment, attracted by its faster-growing economy and lower jobless rate. Their Chinese co-workers are often around the same age. “The tight collaboration of the two countries in business and science makes the Chinese-American pairing one of the most common in the workplace in China,” said Vas Taras, a management professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, a specialist in cross-cultural work group management. C) But the two groups were raised differently. The Americans have had more exposure to free-market principles. “Young Americans were brought up in a commercial environment,” said Neng Zhao, 28, a senior associate at Blue Oak Capital, a private equity firm based in Beijing. “We weren’t. So the workplace is a unique learning process for my generation.” People in Ms. Zhao’s generation were born around or shortly after Deng Xiaoping opened up China to the West, so China has evolved from a government-regulated economy to a more free-market system in their lifetime. Therefore, they can face a steeper learning curve. Sean Leow, 28, founder of Neocha, a social networking site based in Shanghai, says young Chinese employees often enter jobs with less hands-on preparation. They may also have less understanding of client services, he said. In addition, he said, “I know a lot of my Chinese colleagues did not do internships in college,” in contrast to United States students. D)Managers hiring workers in China appear to be paying a premium (额外费用) for Western experience. Foreigners tend to earn 10 to 15 percent more than Chinese employees in similar positions, said Michael Norman, senior vice president at Sibson Consulting, an American firm. That imbalance does not go unnoticed by Chinese workers. “There is definitely the perception that Americans get paid more for the same work,” said Ting Wang, 25, an associate at WildChina, a travel company based in Beijing. The difference is a function of supply and demand, Mr. Norman said. “If you need the foreigner for their specialized knowledge of the West, companies are willing to pay a little more.” E)On the other hand, Chinese workers have a deeper understanding of the influences, like Confucianism and Daoism, that play a part in their country’s culture and economy. It is necessary for Americans working in China to adjust, said Mr. Norman, who works on management and work force issues for multinational companies operating in Asia. “In the West, there is such an emphasis on getting things done quickly, but when you come to work in China, you need to work on listening and being more patient and understanding of local ways of doing business,” he said. Ming Alterman, 25, a senior account executive at Razorfish, a Shanghai-based digital media firm, is the only American among 40 employees. He says Americans need to understand the importance of building so-called guanxi. The word means relationships, but has implications beyond the obligatory happy hour, occasional lunches with the boss or networking. “In China, it’s really expected that you become friends with your boss and you go out and socialize in a way that doesn’t happen in the U.S.,” Mr. Alterman said. F)The Chinese now rising in the work force were raised and educated in a system that tended to prize obedience and rote learning. Americans may have had more freedom to question authority and speak their minds. This can affect workplace communication. When Corinne Dillon, 25, was working at a multinational company in Beijing, she noticed that her Chinese colleagues were sometimes hesitant about expressing their opinions, which she thought was rooted in views about hierarchy (等级制度). “Because foreigners are often in higher positions in companies, or even when they are not, there is sometimes respect given to them that makes Chinese people not want to directly disagree with them for fear of being perceived as impolite,” said Ms. Dillon, who is now director of sales and marketing at That’s Mandarin, a language school based in Beijing. G)The difference cuts both ways. Ms. Zhao, of Blue Oak Capital, recalled her first experience working for an American at an American-run agency in Beijing. What her American boss perceived as directness left her feeling humiliated, she said. “I remember I was so embarrassed when my American boss told me he didn’t like something I was doing, right in front of me,” she said. “The Chinese way would have been much more indirect.” Communication styles, Professor Taras said, can create workplace challenges. “Americans often perceive the Chinese as indecisive, less confident and not tough enough, whereas the Chinese may see Americans as rude or inconsiderate.” This, he said, “can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings, but also affect promotion (升迁) and task assignment choice, and ultimately performance.” H)What is similar, though, is that both the Americans and the Chinese perceive a glass ceiling. “Most foreigners don’t speak good enough Chinese, so their promotion opportunities are limited, and on a social and cultural level, young Chinese feel there are barriers that are hard to get past,” said Ziyu Wen, 28, who works with Americans in her job as a communications manager in Beijing. I)Despite the tension, the Chinese-American pairing holds many economic and political benefits for both countries. “China needs workers who understand China and the West, so they can develop a business presence and influence in overseas markets,” Mr. Norman said. “Likewise, America needs people who truly understand the Chinese, in order to compete and cooperate.” Having Americans working alongside the Chinese in China, he said, “is one of the best ways to cultivate and internalize this understanding for the future.” _______ 1. Compared with young Americans, young Chinese start to work with less practical experiences and knowledge of market economy. _______ 2. Chinese workers have their own advantage because they know more about their own culture. _______ 3. Differences in communication styles exist when Americans feel more free to give different opinions and Chinese workers avoid disagreement out of respect. _______ 4. Misunderstandings can occur when an American speaks directly but a Chinese feels it is more appropriate to speak indirectly. _______ 5. More and more young Americans go to work in China because of its economic development and high employment rate. _______ 6. Unlike Americans, Chinese workers develop a friendly relationship with their boss. _______ 7. Foreigners working in China get paid more than Chinese workers as their Western knowledge and experience are needed. _______ 8. It is mutually beneficial for the Chinese to work with Americans because each can offer what the other needs. _______ 9. Cultural differences come into play when Americans work with the Chinese in terms of work experience, pay and communication style. _______ 10. Both the American and the Chinese feel their own disadvantages keep them from moving up in their jobs as they would hope to.
简答题
A _______ disease is one that develops slowly over an extended period of time. A、chronological B、chronic C、diachronic D、synchronic
多选题
0|show" data-onresultcheck="*redo|*.na|hide@*correct|*.na|hide@*reset|*.na|hide"> The concept of fairness informs everything from playground quarrels to business negotiations. Now, a study suggests that cultural differences shape when children develop a sense of fairness, with significant differences across countries. Children from seven countries — the United States, Canada, Mexico, Peru, India, Senegal and Uganda — began rejecting unfair deals at different ages between 4 and 15 years old, when tested by researchers. Although children in all of these societies grew to reject deals that put them at a disadvantage, children in three of the countries also grew to reject deals that gave them an advantage. Previous studies with adults have shown that ideas of fairness differ across human societies, says Katherine McAuliffe, a psychologist at Boston College in Massachusetts. “That difference has to start somewhere,” says McAuliffe, an author of the study, published on November 18 in Nature. But the analysis does not draw final conclusions about the specific cultural causes of this difference. “It’s a really impressive, very clean experiment that leaves a lot to think about,” says Philippe Rochat, a developmental psychologist at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. 2. What has the study found about some children who were given an advantage? A、They did not tell other children. B、They rejected how they were treated. C、They reported the difference to adults. D、They differed according to their ages.
简答题
Your ______ is requested at the club meeting on Friday. A、presence B、present C、prescription D、preservation
简答题
The document was signed in the _______ of two witnesses. A、existence B、absence C、presence D、persistence
简答题
This isn’t to say that I wasn’t criticized or called out on my mistakes. (Para. 2) A、I was indeed criticized when I did something wrong, and my mistakes were properly pointed out. B、Because the people in the West value praise, I was not criticized even when I did something wrong or made a mistake.
简答题
These delicate plants need careful _______, otherwise they’ll die very soon. A、cultivating B、grooming C、nurturing D、farming
简答题
In my first year of marriage to my Chinese husband, the cultural difference that has stuck out the most is praise, or lack of it. (Para. 1) A、Whether our marriage lacks praise is something that we have noticed. B、The fact that there is not enough praise in our marriage is noticeable.
简答题
Nothing _______ the mind better than the knowledge that you could die tomorrow. A、focuses B、concentrates C、gathers D、raises
简答题
He spent five years in Paris, with _______ visits to Italy. A、accidental B、occasional C、equivalent D、abrupt
简答题
He has pulled the company back from the _______. A、edge B、brink C、death D、crisis
多选题
A. adoptB. equivalentC. expectationsD. maintainE. negotiationF. occasionalG. perspectiveH. phaseI. preferenceJ. presenceK. prominentL. relieveM. repayN. responsibilityO. sacrificesChinese students in pursuit of an American education have helped drive up international enrollments at colleges across the United States. Every fall semester sees an increase of their number compared with the (1)_______ period of the previous year. There is no denying their (2)_______ benefits American colleges culturally and financially. Studying abroad is beneficial personally for Chinese students too, if they are prepared for certain challenges. The first challenge is the cost of studying at an American college. Typically Chinese parents pay. It is an expected part of the culture that they make big (3)_______ for their children, who will hopefully (4)_______ them in the future. Students can choose to work part time to earn some money and (5)_______ their parents of the financial burden. The second challenge is parental pressure. Some Chinese parents choose colleges for their children. In a new learning environment, teacher-student interactions are essential for a productive college career. However, Chinese parents’ lack of knowledge of American education could make their children suffer academically and emotionally when their (6)_______ for big research universities causes their children to miss out on learning and social opportunities offered by small and less (7)_______ liberal arts colleges. It is a(n) (8)_______ of growing up for Chinese students when they have to obey their parents, but they must take more (9)_______ for their own lives. The greatest challenge of studying abroad is culture shock. It is hard, but if Chinese students can break out of their own groups and put their challenges in (10)_______, then they will gain more out of their experience of studying abroad.
全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程第三册
章节列表
Unit 01 Working Holiday Abroad
0
Unit 02 Conspicuous Consumption
55
Unit 03 Cultural Differences
55
Unit 04 Emerging Adulthood
55
Unit 05 Digital Age
55
Unit 06 Determination
55