简答题The length of the reading extract should not be related to its level of difficulty.简答题Testers can construct multiple-choice reading items that only require the candidates to match the words in the items with the words in the text.简答题It is useful to construct multiple-choice reading items which require the candidates to use facts, figures or dates in a factual text to state (or restate) the general principle behind them.简答题In fixed-ratio cloze, the first and last sentences of passage are usually kept intact to provide contexts for testees.简答题Testers can construct some multiple-choice reading items requiring candidates to handle simple facts and figures in English and work out simple arithmetical sums and problems.简答题In bank cloze, the number of the alternatives given is equal to the number of the blanks.简答题The correct option must be roughly the same length as the distractors.简答题A reference-word multiple-choice reading item can not provide the examiner with specific information about reading difficulties.简答题In rational cloze, testees only need to choose the response that best fills in each blank from several alternatives.简答题Reading passages dealing with a single idea or main theme are suitable.简答题Multiple-choice reading items should require the candidates to digest and interpret what they have read.简答题The option ALL OF THESE or NONE OF THESE is not a useful device in multiple-choice tests of reading comprehension.简答题The sampling of the reading passage must be related to the broader aims of the language teaching situation.简答题It is useful to include multiple-choice reading items testing the students’ ability to recognize reference features in a reading text.简答题Reading passages dealing with a series of events, a collection of facts, or different attitudes make the best types of tests for testing purposes.简答题When constructing reading comprehension test, testers can overlook the grammatical appropriateness of some of the distractors used.简答题Multiple-choice reading items can test a superficial understanding of the reading text.简答题If students learn English in order to read technical journals, technical articles should be selected as the samples of the reading passage.简答题The length of the reading extract should not depend on student’s levels.简答题Test designers can delete any particular words when constructing the rational cloze.