简答题The ________ of work design says that employees are taking the initiative to change how their work is performed. A、social model B、proactive perspective C、job characteristics model D、relational perspective简答题The term job design refers to the way tasks are combined to form complete jobs.简答题The ________ element in the definition of motivation is a measure of intensity, drive, and vigor. A、persistence B、conformance C、energy D、direction简答题Job enlargement refers to the horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope.简答题McGregor's Theory X assumes that employees ________. A、need to be closely controlled to work effectively B、enjoy work C、seek out and accept responsibility D、exercise self-direction简答题In jobs today, employees rely more and more on those around them for information, advice, and assistance." Which of the following approaches to job design best reflects this statement? A、the relational perspective of work design B、the job characteristics model C、 the proactive perspective of work design D、high involvement work practices简答题According to the JCM, which job characteristic leads to an employee experiencing responsibility for outcomes of his or her work? A、task significance B、autonomy C、feedback D、skill variety简答题According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for self-respect, autonomy, achievement, status, recognition, and attention constitute his ________ needs. A、safety B、physical C、social D、esteem简答题Making jobs smaller and more specialized is the most effective way of motivating employees.简答题Joseph, a line manager at a plant, believes that his workers have little drive and will not work unless pushed by him. Therefore, he closely monitors and controls their work and pulls up those who do not meet his standards. Joseph is a Theory Y manager.简答题Research clearly indicates that the Theory Y manager is more effective in motivating employees than the Theory X manager.简答题Which of the following is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory? A、Herzberg believed that the factors that led to job satisfaction were the same as those that led to job dissatisfaction. B、To motivate people, Herzberg suggested emphasizing the hygiene factors of a job. C、Herzberg's theory has influenced how we currently design jobs. D、According to Herzberg, removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job will invariably make that job more satisfying and motivating.简答题The equity theory proposes that ________. A、offering employees part of the company's shares, or equity, motivates them to do their best because their performance directly ties in with the company's B、employees expect that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance and will be demotivated if that does not happen C、an employee compares his or her job's input–outcomes ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity D、employees are more likely to show initiative at work if they are more involved in decisions that affect their work简答题The definition of motivation has three key elements: energy, direction, and persistence.简答题Frederick Herzberg found that when employees were dissatisfied, they tended to cite extrinsic factors arising from the job context such as company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, and working conditions.